小虫子，大气候：螨虫有助于减少土壤温室气体排放｜The ISME Journal

日本东京大学和新泻县农业综合研究所合作团队发现，利用食真菌性土壤动物——螨虫，可以减少温室效应气体氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放量。研究证明，通过在土壤中施用椰子壳，为螨虫提供一种多孔的庇护所，能够增加螨虫在土壤中的数量。螨虫通过摄食减少了土壤中产 N2O 的真菌，从而减少了 N2O 的排放。将该 N2O 减排技术应用于农业土壤，有望为抑制气候变暖做出贡献。

氧化亚氮（N2O）是人类活动排放的最重要的温室气体和臭氧层消耗物质之一。单位质量的 N2O 产生的温室效应是二氧化碳（CO2）的近 300 倍。由于 N2O 主要源自农业土壤中微生物的硝化和反硝化作用，一直以来，微生物过程都是 N2O 排放机理和减排方法研究关心的重点。

· 螨虫调控温室气体（N2O）排放

· 利用螨虫减排 N2O：椰子壳，给“打工虫”的“廉租房”

即使螨虫可以减少 N2O 的排放，将其应用于减排实践仍面临挑战，因为如何在田间如此大的尺度下增加螨虫的数量仍是一个难题。对此，该研究提出了一个相对简单、价廉的解决方案：在田间施加椰子壳（coconut husk，椰子的中果皮部位）。

论 信息

【标题】MitigatingN2O emissions from agricultural soils with fungivorous mites

【期刊】The ISME Journal

【时间】04 March 2021

【DOI】10.1038/s41396-021-00948-4

【链接】https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-021-00948-4

【摘要】Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance. Due to the long persistence of N2O in the atmosphere, the mitigation of anthropogenic N2O emissions, which are mainly derived from microbial N2O-producing processes, including nitrification and denitrification by bacteria, archaea, and fungi, in agricultural soils, is urgently necessary. Members of mesofauna affect microbial processes by consuming microbial biomass in soil. However, how microbial consumption affects N2O emissions is largely unknown. Here, we report the significant role of fungivorous mites, the major mesofaunal group in agricultural soils, in regulating N2O production by fungi, and the results can be applied to the mitigation of N2O emissions. We found that the application of coconut husks, which is the low-value part of coconut and is commonly employed as a soil conditioner in agriculture, to soil can supply a favorable habitat for fungivorous mites due to its porous structure and thereby increase the mite abundance in agricultural fields. Because mites rapidly consume fungal N2O producers in soil, the increase in mite abundance substantially decreases the N2O emissions from soil. Our findings might provide new insight into the mechanisms of soil N2O emissions and broaden the options for the mitigation of N2O emissions.

本新闻稿由研究团队提供，经科研圈编审发布。

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